Waarschuwing zonnebloemolie / lijnzaadolie

CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) verhoogt insuline resistentie en veroorzaakt mogelijk diabetes tyep II

Referenties

Referenties zonnebloemolie (linolzuur)

1. High-energy diets, fatty acids and endothelial cell function: implications for atherosclerosis
   Our studies suggest that omega-6 fatty acids, and especially linoleic acid, cause endothelial cell dysfunction most markedly as well as can potentiate TNF-mediated endothelial cell injury. We propose that high-energy diets, and especially diets rich in linoleic acid, are atherogenic by contributing to an imbalance in cellular oxidative stress/antioxidant status of the endothelium, which can lead to activation of oxidative stress-responsive transcription factors, inflammatory cytokine production and the expression of adhesion molecules
2. Quercetin protects against linoleic acid-induced porcine endothelial cell dysfunction
   The present study focused on the effect of quercetin on linoleic acid-induced oxidative stress and the inflammatory pathways of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1).
3. Linoleic acid-induced endothelial activation: role of calcium and peroxynitrite signaling
   Research to date indicates that linoleic acid (LA), the major fatty acid in the American diet, may be atherogenic by activating vascular endothelial cells. However, the exact signaling mechanisms involved in LA-mediated proinflammatory events in endothelial cells still remain unclear.
4. Involvement of CYP 2C9 in mediating the proinflammatory effects of linoleic acid in vascular endothelial cells
   Our data show that CYP 2C9 plays a key role in linoleic acid-induced oxidative stress and subsequent proinflammatory events in vascular endothelial cells by possibly causing superoxide generation through uncoupling processes
5. Linoleic acid induces MCP-1 gene expression in human microvascular endothelial cells through an oxidative mechanism
   Linoleic acid is a dietary fatty acid that appears to play an important role in activation of the vascular endothelium under a variety of pathological conditions, including development of atherosclerosis or cancer metastasis. Evidence indicates that inflammatory responses may be an underlying cause of endothelial cell pathology induced by linoleic acid.
6. The role of linoleic acid in endothelial cell gene expression. Relationship to atherosclerosis
   There is evidence that linoleic acid plays a critical role in gene expression and vascular function as it relates to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
7. high linoleic acid diet increases oxidative stress in vivo and affects nitric oxide metabolism in humans
   Evidence from in vitro studies shows that increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to increased oxidative stress, which may be associated with endothelial damage. In conclusion, the high-LA diet increased oxidative stress and affected endothelial function in a way which may in the long-term predispose to endothelial dysfunction.
8. Effect of linoleic acid on endothelial cell inflammatory mediators
   Selected lipids may influence the inflammatory cascade within the vascular endothelium. To test this hypothesis, endothelial cells were treated with linoleic acid (18:2, n - 6) for 12 hours and/or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) for 4 hours. These data suggest that selected fatty acids such as 18:2 can exert proinflammatory effects and, in addition, may markedly alter TNF-mediated inflammatory events.
9. The role of linoleic acid in endothelial cell gene expression. Relationship to atherosclerosis
   There is evidence that linoleic acid plays a critical role in gene expression and vascular function as it relates to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Our discoveries that linoleic acid can influence significantly the cytokine-mediated inflammatory response may open new fields in dietary intervention of atherosclerosis.

Referenties lijnzaadolie

1. Dietary flaxseed alters tumor biological markers in postmenopausal breast cancer
   Dietary flaxseed has the potential to reduce tumor growth in patients with breast cancer.
2. The inhibitory effect of flaxseed on the growth and metastasisof estrogen receptor negative human breast cancer xenograftsis attributed to both its lignan and oil components
   In conclusion, FS reduced the growth and metastasis of established ER- human breast cancer in part due to its lignan and FO components, and not to lipid peroxidation. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
3. Alpha-Linolenic Acid, from the Prostate Forum February 2000
   Second, clinical studies that are available suggest that alpha-linolenic acid may actually be dangerous for prostate cancer patients.
4. Dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and the risk of prostate cancer.
   Increased dietary intakes of ALA may increase the risk of advanced prostate cancer. In contrast, EPA and DHA intakes may reduce the risk of total and advanced prostate cancer.
5. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid is associated with reduced risk of fatal coronary heart disease, but increased prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis
   This meta-analysis shows that consumption of ALA might reduce heart disease mortality. However, the association between high intake of ALA and prostate cancer is of concern and warrants further study.
6. Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay
   Including this report, five of six studies that have examined the relationship between alpha-linolenic acid and prostate cancer yielded a positive association, which was significant in four studies. Thus, there appears to be evidence of a role of alpha-linolenic acid in prostate carcinogenesis